research portfolio

Vargas, Jose A. "'Ron Paul, who?' no longer applies." Washington Post. 17 June 2007. 12 Dec. 2008 http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/06/17/mngd0qgtld1.dtl.

Rep. Ron Paul is more popular on Facebook and youtube.

Wagner, Timothy J. "YouTube as a tool for meteorological education." 17th Symposium on Education (2008).

academic journal on medical students using youtube for educational reasons.

Budoff, Carrie. "Senators Fear Having A "Macaca" Moment." CBS 2 Feb. 2007.

Former Sen. George Allen, R-Va., was expected to win re-election easily in 2006 until a clip of him ridiculing his opponent's staff member circulated online. other fearing the same thing.

Sullivan, Andrew. "Video power: the potent new political force." The Sunday Times 4 Feb. 2007

John McCain dozing through President Bush’s state of the union address. Mitt Romney, contrasting his pro-choice statements in a 1994.

O'Brien, Luke. "YouTube and CNN Discuss "Most Democratic" Presidential Debate Ever." Weblog post. Wired blog network. 14 June 2007. 12 Dec. 2008 http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/06/youtube_and_cnn.html.

YouTube and CNN have created a new debate format in which voters will send in video questions for the would-be-commanders-in-chief to answer in televised forums.

Jones, Beth. "Queen Rania takes on stereotypes." BBC news. 25 July 2008. 12 Dec. 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7524933.stm.

queen rania of jordan tires to educate the world about islam and arabs.

Kirkup, James, and Nicole Martin. "YouTube attacked by MPs over sex and violence footage." The daily telegraph. 31 July 2008.12 Dec. 2008 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/3358061/youtube-attacked-by-mps-over-sex-and-violence-footage.html.

YouTube under sued by MPs for failing to prevent images of sex and violence being posted freely on youtube by terrosist groups and users.

Reuters. "YouTube criticized in Germany over anti-Semitic Nazi videos." Haaretz. 27 Aug. 2008. 12 Dec. 2008 http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/898004.html.

nazi videos to recruit people into neo-nazi hood. google germany in trouble.

Liao, Michael, and Randall Young. "YouTube for Ultrasound Education." Academic Emergency Medicine. Vol. 15. Ser. 1. Washington: Blackwell, Inc, 2008. S226-226.

some doctore uses YouTube to share interesting and important video clips of emergency ultrasound cases,which reached a broader audience of medical ppl.

Outline of research project

I/How does youtube spread out ideas around the world?(ideas)

-What is the connection between youtube and violence?
-How can youtube let people talk about politics ?
-What is the connection between youtube and world education?

II/How does youtube unit people in the world?(people)
-How is it used in diaspora communities?
-How social media like youtube has become an influence on destination selection

III/How does Youtube affect international trade?(goods)
-How does youtube advertisement affect the global trade?
-Is the copyright problem a threat to youtube?
-How does youtube affect global finance?

Nineteenth Century Globalization Project

Mamadou Diouf talks in his article about french colonial policy and how senegal raises in this era. Senegal, one of former french colonies, received like others, a process of modification untill its alienation. To start, French colonial policy of assimilation affected essentially four cities or community. In fact, those cities were associated because of their economic dependence and importance. French administration placed in those communes represents the head and the power of their systems. The two revealed religions which is the Islam and Christianism help also the integration of some citizen on those communes. In reality, french assimilation permit the loss of africans historical initiative and of their cultural creativity. Anyway, French processes of assimilation was of three matters: The urbanisation of cities by development of economy society and politic; The religion in his mission of convertion and the integration in french citizenship. The religion had an important role during the colonisation because it changes people mind by erase local law and social structure. The colony forge, in fact is religion by copying foreign matters; religious monuments today show it (churches and mosques ).But also, to arrive to assimillate people the church has made many modification like the translation in local language to permit everybody to be concerned. Finally, all those initiatives helped in the formation and globalization of senegalese new culture.

Globalisation And Education

The article describes academic freedom of the world education or its globalization. For Abdulwahed, the academic freedom ,which is a total freedom of Knowledge providers like universities in their task to develop knowledge transmission through research and study,represents a serious business in terms of globalization. Thats means that the academic freedom isn't, not only, so globalized as it appears ,because education changes everydays under pressure of the globalisation of some sector like the technology. In fact education has to be build by following the evolution of ideas and people around the world.Furthermore the neo-liberalism of globalisation represents a real challenge to Academic Freedom.

Globalisation and Academic Freedom

This reading is explaining to us the impact of globalisation on higher education and academic freedom. there are three different submissions explained. The first one tells us that academic freedom is a global problem because, according to the paper, violators of academic freedom are not not the governments but also the people do, the scholars, the colleagues of other gender, or of other tribe or other religion or other party. The author suggests that we need to make the traditions of academic freedom as universal as possible.
The second submission discuss about how globalisation is changing the academy and academic practices within which academic pursuits are carried out, which means that globalisation has changed, the conditions of teaching,research and dissemination of knowledge.
The third submission tells us that Neo-liberal globalisation poses challenges to academic freedom. the Nea-liberal globalisation has increased possibilities of academic freedom but impose challenges to the concept of institutional autonomy.

academic freedom

the article by Abdulwahed on academic freedom describes the threat of academic freedom as the world further globalizes. the author not only stretches that some of those academic freedom violations may not be on purpose it still remains a problem that should be solved. Abdulwahed states's the Dar es Salaam's definition of academic freedom as the freedom of members do do and write whatever they want intellectually without limits (81). he also states that academic freedom is always changing and goes further to state it as a " a global problem" (82). it is also easy to see that Abdulwahed is a democrate becsue he refers to academic freedom as the same as democracy. he says it is a given, but not forever because it changes as people move and ideas and goods move as well (82). he also blames the market saying that "market forces ...tries to impose restrictions on what to teach,study,research, publish upon ect."(82). he also goes on to acknowledge forces that try to help academic freedom like cell phones, some human rights organization and democracy.

The imperialism of free trade: British

Imperialism of free trade was a term created by J. Gallagher and R. Robinson. This interpretation has remained unchallenged. They concentrated on the mid-victorian and that the British showed themselves willing to apply it. British governments were ready to establish and keep British paramountcy by whatever means suited the circumstances. The only thing that they didn't want was to enter political conflicts. For example, British was much interested in south america or in Mexico but it could not afford to trade with them because it knew that it would have felt obliged to intervene and restore order in order to create a stable government. British protected its interest very much. in order to trade, it will make contracts with the country it was interested in and guarranty them weapons or provide them with assistance for the rebellious colonies but sometimes their offers were refused, that it is what happened with Castlereagh who was the king of latin America in the 1800's.

Britain's imperialism of trade

Galagher and Robinson’s article is mostly about how the British managed their economy. The writers make it obvious that the brithish colonies were what helped Britain gain it’s power weher they admit it or not. Also we go into the issue of imperialis, which means extending policies to rule the british colonies. Many of Britain became divided at times into “imperialism and anti-imperialism”. The british people were in favor of imperialism when it’s advantageous and non-imperialism when it’s convien to be. However, their was a problem with imperialism some people argued that it only applied “to the period after 1880”. This because the  the Victorians at the time were changing brithish culture into something  unorthodox. This too lead to another separation “mid-Victorian 'indifference' and late-Victorian 'enthusiasm'. These periods according to the author were related to the rise and fall of free trade. These were the  “imperialism and anti-imperialism” times based on how well the colonies are benefiting them. Yet it seemed to everyone that british trade was tighning. So we see Britain benefiting from “laissez-faire period India” where opium and salt are taxed by the Britain.

After this the british moves to dominate south America, recking hevock in many nations there, their policies on these countries were controversial but they just kept going. But because of their questionable success in argentina and brazil we see the britsh “ economies had become sufficiently dependent on foreign trade”. Because of this dependence the britsh wanted whatever they could get and in their quest they tried china but failed since that could not lend them new customers and they “failed to break down Chinese economic self-sufficiency”. The british said that their interest In china was commercial but that doesn’t explain why after rebellions and the opium wars they still tried to control the Chinese trade.

The british then seem to concentrate on their trade ports in west Africa and even after the creation of the treaty of free trade and friendship, british’s African colonies remain it’s most important during the times of imperialism.

The Imperialism of free trade: Some Reservation

Gallagher and Robinson explain the expansion of britishes' imperiaslism overseas. Britishes have established a security, around their trade and investment, called paramountcy, for their free trade. Many critics come from this expression ''imperialism of free trade'' because earlier free traders were anti-imperialist. In fact, to achieve their goal of free trade, britishes' trade was led by a politic of Laissez-faire. It was an injuction against all interference of the government in the commercial issue. Britishes' government took what action they could to open markets and to keep those markets open; they extend their responsibilities beyond the extrem required to guarantee the free play of the market or the normal interaction of supply and demand. Furthermore, the target for britishes' imperialism of free trade which was the latin America, refused their proposition of territorial acquisition. Gallagher and robinson show that in the end of their fight for free trade, the non-intervention in foreign affairs and Laissez-faire were their characteristic attitudes.

Battle of Ideas

why was Lenin against the global economy?

Battle of ideas

Does any of the plans of the battle of ideas made by Keynes and Hayek still applied today? If yes, Why is there an economic crisis?

Is Yoruba from Africa ?

Yoruba is African ethnic Because:

-Today it is mostly practiced in Africa
-The word Yoruba comes from Africa
-The concept of there religion is typically African( Sacrifice, god)

Yoruba is not African ethnic because:

-The nationalism or ethnicism of african is possible thanks to their slavery in american continent
-The country where they are mostly found is an english country.

is the yoruba religion african

yes
the name yoruba is african
religion they follow is african
they have gods in the religion like river gods that are very similar to greek mythology format and african mythogy
sacrifice chickens
african fetishes

NO
african concept in the new world
would never have existed in africa if they hadn't gone to the new world
catholic features

Is yoruba African?

Reasons for yes: culture

- the language itself is African

-Expressions used are Africans

-mariage occurs differently from americans

-beliefs in fetishes as a culture

-people carry african names

-The " YORUBA" name is african

Reasons for no: culture

- Some words are in english taken from americans

-followed catholic features

Yoruba culture

Yoruba is an ethnicity in west Africa. Stephan Palmie asks us whether Samuel Johnson is a yoruba or not? because he was born in Sierra leaone and later became a yoruba. well, i believe that he is still a sierra leonian even though he followed a yoruba culture. Those yorubas were slaves taken from Africa to America. so the question asked is if whether those slaves were yorubas before moving to America. i believe yes, because the culture seems African and they didn't start to follow it when they were taken as slaves. I dont even believe that those people are yorubas because it seems that they were given the name judging the way they looked, for example, that's what happened with Samuel Johnson. So, following the history closely we find out that, questions about ethnicities arouse on whether they should be following that culture or are they following it because they were told to?

yoruba

Stephan Palmie's work on the globalization of yoruban culture, the adaptation and creation of the word itself takes the reader deeper into the lives of its creators. becoming yoruba seems completely religious and the article talks about the christianization of the nigeria. samuel johnson the pioneer of the word yoruba was not yoruban himself because he was born in sierra leone, and his parents were turned into christians there. he returned to "yorubanland" in 1858 where he wrote a book(45). this place is now known as nigeria, when johnson was alive it had not been named nigeria yet. 

through religion and preaching he is today known as a hero in nigeria.

african history

Bennet writing focus on the relation between african diaspora and the concept of history. Many writer like Hegel said that African diaspora is not a history at all. Because it put in contradiction the real meaning of history. For them only a nation has a history. Unlike hegels assertion, others affirm that the concept of history has been introduced by dominant continent like Europe and they have created their own rule about. So they arrive by their influence and their treatment on african that they create a kind of nationalism to african. By seing the history of the west we notice that african has contributed in part of the totality of her development. Thanks to that it was the west which made Africa but African had made the west history. So in thsi case Africa and the west historyare somehow linked. Europeen have introduice african in the world history thanks to slavery; in a kind of globalization because they tried to civilize them by their culture and send them in all part of the world. They arrived in america and help them in plantation until they manage to have a freedom; a freedom created not by mixing their culture in american culture but by findind their own culture. Historian, at this time, writing obscured the meanings submed under the terms African, slave and black. They had seen ethnicity, race and legal status on African or black. But, finally, we do not have to see slaves perspective as there domination in plantation society but as a idea of universality

consumption and power

sugar has become now so common it is hard to imagine life without it, says mintz (75). in the chapter consumption mintz mentions not only the commonness of sugar in daily life, but also other events such as the famine that struck england and how everyone turned to bread to survive. European families id not have enough money for anything else then bread and then came the plague decreasing the european population even further. but then everything got back to normal around the eighteenth century. the laboring class started using sugar because of the energy it provided and soon everyone was using sugar. Sugar was so common people became ignorant as to how it was made and the workers. the slaves the cut the sugar cane were sometimes displayed in painting wearing there cultural cloth but the truth is they actually worked in rags (78). even worst was joinville's description of where sugar comes from, he said people would cast a net on the nile and in the morning they would find spices of many kinds on them (80).

Sweetness consumption and Power

Before sugar was not know by english, foods were poor of ingrediants. All there food were based on starch substances. And this meagerness of the food qualities were the consequence of there acknowledge of the sugar and others substances. All those substances are very important in a food because they give more flavor to it. With the growth of the population, english diet that was based on quantity started to diminish but with the introduction of sugar and others substances one thing changed: Diets remained meager but the quality was very good. British foods were at that time based only on the quality. In fact, this showed the real power of ingrediants like sugar on the production because even with the meagerness of the production at this time those new substances arrived to stabilized the situation. At this time sugar was considered like a spice-condiment. Moreover they were used not only for foods flavor but also as medecine. Sugar had more attributs in medicine so it was frequently used.
Rapidly the production of sugar has grown in england above all with his implication in their culture. It became a concern and very imperial for the economy because sugar was at this time a moneymaker; the plantation, the slaves workers ,all were about the good trade of this substances.At the same time the politic involved the debates of sugar trade because it become an obligation.The competition bewteen countries in terms of sugar permit the growth of the consumption; at the same time britain were obliged to build a free trade to assured a big quantity of sugar for the popolation. Free trade was at this time a good idea because it permited a growth of the consumption of sugar. Finally sugar has made also active the globalization of foods by the introduction of the free trade and above all like important subsidies for many food in the world.

Sugar

As we can see, nowadays, sugar is the most consumed food around the world. if it is not eaten directly then it is used to make food such as chocolates, it is also used to make drinks. Mintz is trying to understand the reason why human beings consume so much sugar? he says that people eat it because they like sweetness but that is not a clear answer to the question because some people might consume a lot of sugar while others hardly eat it. I'd rather suggest that human beings do not have the same tastes, we can all be created the same way but at the same time having different point of views on things.
People consume sugar at least once per day because it gives a lot of energy. Mintz also tells us that people didn't know about sugar in the past but later knew about it as it became a necessity in the diet of every english person. Arabs were actually producing sugar and selling it to the British.

sweetness and power by mintz

in the beginning mintz discusses the importance of food in our diet not just as a biological need but a social one as well. Mintz explains that through colonization, sugar went from being for the wealthy people of England and into the everyday food of the poor. because more sugar is being consumed now in England they needed more slaves to do the work, so they got slaves from africa and brought them to plantations located in british west indies. even though other countries at this time were also producing sugar like the arabs had different way of producing some sugars, but still no country at the time imported more slaves then britain or consumed more sugar. this also leads to mintz discussion of slavery and brings in Marx's point of view that slavery in the plantations were a form of capitalism. mintz later on states that european plantations were not capitalist  because "the capitalist mode of production" is based on free labor (59). later on scholars started saying that the plantations was taking up the english wealth but mintz said that's not true because it helped britain gain wealth. but he also says that they were people who at the time were convinced they needed sugar to survive so they did all they could to keep the plantation going, mintz called these people capitalists and the slaves proletarians (61).

Sweeteness and Power

Food is the most important and essential thing for human life. The food has always been considered like a symbol of union. During those last centuries he has become a subject of mutuality because it permit to create a link between individuals. It is like Robertson Smith has said :"those who sit at meal at meat together are united for all social effect". So many thinkers refused this idea of social food". But the question of sweetness has entered immediatly into the debate. The sugar represented this ideas of sweetness.Rapidly the sugar dominated all pattern of food. But how? Some research show that sedentary civilisation meal where all composed of carbohydrates constituted of little sugar. All indigenous and foreigns foods were at this time all essentialy composed of this ingredient. But with the discovery of the sugar his use start to be important. The question that the world want to have a response is where come from sugar. It has not find an exact answer but is an asian good. It come from new guinee where portuguese traders bring it around the world,. His production was first controled arab which spread it in there expansion. But with the grow of european industry he has become an fundamental subsidies for their food. Sugar has begun to be eating cristalized; many technics of preparation were built for his consumption. The sugar started to touched societies on all his forms. All the families depend on it. And finally today it involves nation concerns because it became necessary to the nation destiny. Definitively, Sugar has been marked by his globalization by trade around the world; it has made the tour of the country and become today an important product for everybody.

piracy in victorian britain

the article by Kriegal immidiatly starts by citing schwartz declaring the modern world as ' culture of copy', which he also repeats at the end of the article as well (233). the main [point of the article is the fight for a longer copyright for design patterns in victorian britain, so artists can protect themselves against pirates. conservative MP tennent and his allies became the defenders or original, artisan production and property during this time(246). tennent and his allies wanted a copyright law that extended beyond three months so other designers wont steal there work (kriegal 234). but the pirates of this time said that a longer copyright would create a monopoly for the artists but that didn't stop parliament from passing a law extending the copyright from 3 months to 12 months (264). during this time piracy had taken a different form instead of attacking ships there tactic is now looking through windows and using the roller to steal other printers designs. the country with greatest piracy problem was britain where even the united states hired agents to window shop for design (255). the problem that england had with piracy of their prints allowed for other nations to also steal their ideas which lead to today's wordly use of european clothing.

Culture and Copy

Our world is a world of copy. Original and copies pose paradox that Lara don't private himself to talk about . For Lara Kriegel copying has become more common and made original more significant. To maintain the power of original, and separate them from copies, Members of Parliament, merchants, and manufacturers created a stronger copyright in other to stop piracy, an act that had slow print trade since eighteenth century, and encourage original design. The development in industries activities(mechanization) caused the instauration of copying enigme. The improvement of production and the apppearance of differents culture of consumption attract thus the copyright debate. The calico trade was the target at this epoch. Tennent and his allies were prey of criticism like the vulgarisation of their product; passing from royal use to domestic use. The Parliament intervenes by forbiding the use of this fabric for wearing. They come up too with a politic of extension of the production which affect print trader. Later the provincial trade outshoot metropolitan trade by selling outside the countries and inside the countries where some continents like Africa were their markets. But they were treated of pirates in their activities because they inspired from metropolitan production. In the end metropolitan trade received 3 months of protection but asked for more. They struggle during many years giving argument and evidence in other to, at last reach a long protection which could permit them to do freely their job. But they were confront on many obstacle like competition between many countries and their war against piracy.

Culture and the copy

Lara Kriegel is telling us that the copy of culture is actually improving. She is explaining that these new cultures used by people are being originalized from old cultures. We get to realise that piracy was forbidden,as in cultures were not supposed to be copied from the original. Copyright was then created but it wasn't strong until Tennent and his allies came. Tennent and his allies increased the popularity of copyright in order to stop "design piracy", they continued hard to eliminate it. A debate was then held by these people and their opponents. the people who were for copyright argued that its law might encourage original design. on the other side, the opponents argued that copyright tends to change the geography of the trade, its mechanisation, the growth of the retail sector and the process of calico production, calicoes are cheaply printed cottons whose success lay at the heart of the consumer and industrial revolutions. By mid-eighteenth century, women were happy in prints for dresses,shawls,handkerchiefs etc. produced by provincial trade, provincial manufacturers sold similar stuffs only changing colors and being bolder. this copyright system has succeeded because people liked it and benefited from it. Nowadays this copyright is more used than in the past. various things are being made from the original.

Cross-Cultural trade with Portuguese

Curtin talk about the way portuguese trade has risen till his collapse. The revolution in shipping and above all the world winds system throw portugueses in there commerce. They success to travel around all the coast for there trade. They first came a new way of trading which involve more protection. It was a trade very well organized in which the polical authority has brought his help with coercive power where militaries protection his mobilized for the safety of the trade. In fact all this transformations appear because of the desires of monopoly from some religious or ethnics group. As the portuguese empire extend, only the noble make profit from this trade.It was not easy thing for portuguese to extend there commercial empire. There goal was to take control the trade network. For that, they have looked for an strategic point in other to give command along the sea lanes like zimbabwe entrepôt for gold trade and Maluku island for pepper trading. Then to protect there commerce they sold protection to merchant non-portuguese in a form of entrance permit. As a matter of fact the system was unstable. it met corruption applied officials and economic problem in the government where all the taxes paid served the military protection. And some voyages were also dangerous. But the portuguese were not only to seek the sovereignty there was also Asian trade. They response by integrating portuguese population, to belong to their capital or revenue collection, and have their own right to trade. After the asian muslim also take part to this dispute. They were rejected by portuguese who wanted to replace them by others. But the fact is the control an important point of trade for the portuguese. Dutch and english also showed their force against portuguese policies by creating some compagnies of trade. Dutch manage to control some main post an created a genuine monopolyby controlling clove and nutmeg production itself. But there their monopoly was not a financial success. As for the english east india company they focus on spice trade which make them more profit. All these three power ( portuguese, english, dutch) were in competition where everyone can compete effectively. But the plunder system was very expensive for acquiring wealth. Definitely curtin wanted to show us european trade evolution and the implication of all empire who wanted to extend their territory.

cross culture trade in world history by Curtin

the paper is about how Europeans came to dominate world trade. Europeans still have a very important role in trade since more than 90 percent of the world is well acquainted with the European culture. Though, like the Asians who according to Curtin had never fallen behind in trade, even during the bad times like the stagnation during the 18th century brought by the decline of centralized government of the Persian and the Mughal empires( Curtin 157). This decline helped the Europeans in creating what curtin calls the "European Age", where Europe dominated in world trade leading to I think the creation of the east Indian Trade Company ( Curtin 157). This domination also lead to the universal usage of European culture in clothing, language, or other things, we see the influence of their culture everywhere. Moreover, the main groups to look at at this era is the relationship between the Arabs, protégées, Chinese and Japanese. The protégées wanted to cut the Arabs trade from India and Southeast Asia but could not. At the same time china had a law against foreign trades so they were Chinese merchants that bought protégées citizenship papers so they could trade with Fujian and Southeast Asia. Japan on the other hand was involving itself by copying protégées trade ships ( curtin 148).so basically this shows us not only the problems that cross culture trade experienced, but how it helped expend the cultures and empires of some nations especially the European nations.

oil

i feel that natural oil is very important it's started wars for gosake against iraq and the united states and other nations.the price of oil is something that's contantly changing the french of course put a stop to that but the more peaceful amarica would not go on a crazy strike like they always do, no offense to the french of course. but oil is very important all over the worl the countries with the resourse benifit and triumph over the countries without.

upcoming US Presidential election

the US presidential election is something that it has been impossible escape from and not notice no matter where you are in the world, so it must be important. as whether it's important for me i would say definitely half my family lives there and they are all democrats and i'm about to move there soon. i did not watch the presidencial debate but i read that nothing new was covered so i guess it would not have changed my veiw. personally i think the most imporatant issue right now is the economic and the whole iraq issue. there's also the more current wal street stock crash in which a 700 billion bailout plain was rejected by congress. when the problem seemed solved both presidental candidates tred to take some credit in it's solution. right now everywhere you read emocrates are on the lead but then the fact that it's by a close margin republicans still have a chance. i do want barack obama to win because we are sick of republicans it would be mazing if the republicans win this year as well. they said it's never happened that a party has remained in power for 3 or more elections so that's a positive for us dempocrats.

President of American

United state of America, the most powerful Nation in our world, is living one of the most important things in its history ; on which the whole world is completly concentrated. The election oppose 2 differents candidates with differents ideas of there country or differents politics. This years election opposed for the first time a black people senator Barack obama against a white one senator john sidney McCain III. Tomorrow, the election of one of these candidates can have an impact on the whole world.

It is the first time an black american of african origins is nominated by a major political party for president. His name is Barack obama. Even with all the polemics on him about his race and his religions, Barack Obama represents todays the hope of the world ; He disagrees with Bush politic of war, against nuclear weapons and have an politic of recovery of united states economy which involved an reconvertion to all the countries united states have classed. He wanted to open american to all the nations (friends or foes) becauce for him the refusal to meet leader they don't like stop the progress of america. Obama has always been against Irak war, for him american lost a lot of money for nothing because this war will never end now. Definitely, that's why all nations are concerned about this election in other to renew there relationship with the united stated. Obama represent the change of america contraly to his opponant McCain.
Many nations don't want the ex soldier to be the substitute of George Bush . For them the replacement of McCain will not have a change on U.S politics because his ideas are not that differents from Bush politics.
Actually the world doesn't know which one will be elected. But the only thing everybody are sure is : this election will change the destiny of the humanity.

Youtube.com

Youtube is today the reference among the phenomenon of globalisation. It is an web site where you can post all the videos you want to share with the whole world. With youtube everyone can presented or diffused his culture even all his live. Musics, movies, documentaries even pictures are today part of youtube show. So youtube represente also a materiel of globalisation, and push all the boundaries between nations.

Elections in the USA

I,personnally, think that these elections are the thoughest of all. That's because its the first time an African-American,a black man whose father is not even american reaches that stage,thats the advantage in America. The elections will probably change things in America but certainly not,in my point of view, in Africa because America has its own problems and they wouldn't help Africans leaving their problems behind, it's always a matter of self-interest, most presidents had said that they were going to help Africa but up to now, we haven't seen anything. Obama says that he is going to remove the soldiers from Iraq, but how sure are we for this to happen? Mccain is a republican while Obama is a democrat. Mccain wants to follow Bush's terms of ruling,as in, the people will work for themselves, the advantage is that, many job opportunities are offered. Democrat is more about liberality. A republican and a democrat have different terms of view. I hope that the candidates will discuss about how to improve life for the poor countries, and i also hope that these elections will become a great example to african candidates who believe that,war against the opposite side is the solution.

FOOD CRISIS

The global food crisis threatens millions of the poor and vulnerable. It has triggered violent protests around the world in Asia, Africa,Latin America and the Caribbean. It has brought into sharp focus the plight of the, the hungry and the malnourished, and spurred commitments to action from concerned individuals and institutions around the world.

Overpopulation

Overpopulation is part of the resource imperative because in some countries, the population grows rapidly and in large amount. This is a disadvantage because the country’s land is not sufficient for all those people; the government then have no choice but to provide facilities for them, for example, they build more hospitals, more schools, etc. As the government is using more of the land, the farmers then lack space to cultivate which leads to starvation. In order to create those facilities, the country needs money, which cannot be afforded by that country. For example in Rwanda, most people move from the rural areas to the urban areas looking for jobs such as domestic workers. If the birth rate in that country is also high that causes overpopulation as well. As a result of the increasing population, all living things on this planet are threatened. As more space is needed for people there is less space for wildlife; as more land is needed for farms there is less room for wilderness. Soon, the increase in the world's human population means that we will be in danger of living in a world which is much less rich than in the past.

Minerals Imperatives

The world minerals are going down and every country are looking for more resources in other to not depend on others countries output. Today minerals is very important insofar as their is shortage. Then, so many country made war to appropriate those minerals. Like in Sierra leone where the diamomd was the source of many murder, because everybody (the governant, the people and foreigner) wanted to control this market. Today some countries which are in shortage of resources finance the exploitation of those country whose have not means to farm their minerals; in exchange they can benefit from some mineral they have farm. That why in many africans countries all the exploitation are made by foreigner country. Last two year the people china signs many accord with african about their resources; their president made the tour of africa to see their leader and make a point on their goal to take some resources from africa.

Benjamin Barber

JIHAD vs. MCWORLD

Jihad is an argument that says that the planet is falling apart due to the cause of war. These wars then tend to put down national states where culture is against culture and tribe against tribe. In terms of religion, people do not believe in God anymore and most of them, who are in sects, follow rules which are against the Bible, for example people now decide to leave their jobs and decide to sit at home with the excuse that God will take care of them and their families while the Bible says that you must work to feed yourself and your family. As for politics now, there is no democracy because Governors and Presidents are elected according to their tribes, for example in Africa; most presidents are from tribes who are the most powerful in their countries. As for economy, the rich people are becoming richer and the poor are becoming poorer, so the inequality keeps existing and the gap is becoming bigger, besides technology cannot be afforded by everybody, for example poor people.
Mcworld is an argument against Jihad, which says that the planet is coming together though reluctantly. Technology is actually important but it doesn’t help the world when it is in crisis, for example in terms of hunger crises. Communication is actually being improved and this is important when a country needs to communicate with another. We can also see that Jihad and Mcworld both agree on the fact that democracy is no longer as it is being called, its rules are not obeyed according to its program, its not actually respected the way the older people use to respect which is another reason for the planet to fall down. So, I agree with the fact that the planet is actually falling apart.

Globalization and Africa

Federick Cooper a former professor of history at the university of michigan talk about african history and their implication in the globalization. Globalization is a connection between different areas , in a sens of capital, commodities, or information. It is true that globalization exists but very difficult to explain connection between all this different part of the world. In order to understand those interconnections we have to go back to the beginning or to the placement moment of all this structures for the lumpiness. Thats right african history present few contrast of globalization but it can permit to understand their place in this unbalanced world. Economically many banks were touched by globalization. The fall of the Soviet Union and communist Chinese market bring more liberalism in capital movement to improve the world market; nowaday we can give the example of the ALENA which is a free exchange between american country.not only the economy but also the culture is affected. Because of peoples exposures to media, music and kinds of thing influence african people. It was in nineteen century the phenomenon has reached is peak; at the same time their is also people migration. Some movement permit a new ways of exercising power over people and commodities. But again, the question remain impossible to be find: whether the changing meaning over time of spatial linkages can be undestood in a better way than globalization. But the term globalization remains not clear and and disagree by some person who use it.

John Sutherland "the interview"

Globalisation can be described as a process by which the people of the world are united into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. Globalisation is often used to refer to integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.
According to Saskia Sassen, the people do not understand the dangers and the possibilities that the world is undergoing. She says that something Big is actually happening and the message that she is trying to give us is that globalisation indeed exists but she also thinks that something else is happening and she is now focusing in finding what that other thing consists of. She also says that the global formations are not much compared to the nation state, the transformations made today are contradictory which causes them to collapse. Saskia also argues that the planet is becoming a place of urban glamour and urban slums which, in my opinion, i think is true because the world is divided into poor and rich countries, the elites of poor countries are connected to the elites of rich countries, not because they are friends but because those poor countries have useful resources, they then collaborate together without even knowing each other. As for internet, she still thinks that it is amatter of poor and rich.
Politically, globalisation is at the same time liberating and not liberating us. It is not liberating us because,us, people are losing our rights in liberal democracies but we aren't noticing it immediately, people do not get a clear view of those losses because they tend to be enclosed closely in confusing technical systems.

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